A recently-published Harvard University meta-analysis was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) concluded the following:
Findings from our meta-analyses of 27 studies published over 22 years suggest an inverse association between high fluoride exposure and children's intelligence ... The results suggest that fluoride may be a developmental neurotoxicant that affects brain development at exposures much below those that can cause toxicity in adults ...
In conclusion, our results support the possibility of adverse effects of fluoride exposures on children's neuro-development. Future research should formally evaluate dose-response relations based on individual-level measures of exposure over time, including more precise prenatal exposure assessment and more extensive standardized measures of neuro-behavioral performance...
Regarding fetuses:
Exposures in early life to neurotoxic chemicals can cause a wide range of adverse effects on brain development and maturation that can manifest as functional impairments or disease at any point in the human lifespan.
Regarding fetuses:
Fluoride readily crosses the placenta (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2003). Fluoride exposure to the developing brain, which is much more susceptible to injury caused by toxicants than is the mature brain, may possibly lead to permanent damage (Grandjean and Landrigan 2006). (Dr. Grandjean became Adjunct Professor of Environmental Health at Harvard University in 2003.)
It has been found that "parents reported higher rates of medically-diagnosed ADHD in their children in states in which a greater proportion of people receive fluoridated water from public water supplies. The relationship between fluoride exposure and ADHD warrants future study," in a study done by Ashley J Malin
and Christine Till entitled, Exposure to fluoridated water and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States: an ecological association.
It has been found that "parents reported higher rates of medically-diagnosed ADHD in their children in states in which a greater proportion of people receive fluoridated water from public water supplies. The relationship between fluoride exposure and ADHD warrants future study," in a study done by Ashley J Malin
There are so many other references and studies regarding fluoride and its effects on both children and adults. What all the studies show, though, is that fluoride is not conclusively determined to be harmless. Experts from around the world question it being innocuous which is presently the general consensus.
These are just a few studies to consider especially if your city is getting ready to fluoridate its water supply. Water is something we cannot live without. It is paramount to our very existence.
As reported in one of the leading medical journals, The Lancet Neurology, Vol. 13, Issue 3, March 2014 Edition, fluoride is now listed as a neurotoxin along with lead, chlorpyrifos, methylmercury, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, arsenic, and toluene. Should we tamper with our water supply and add a substance that has been documented and classified as a neurotoxicant if there is no absolute need to do so?
Should a substance be added to municipal water supplies such as fluoride that will not be monitored on an individual basis, but, instead, be administered across the populace without consideration of age or health status? Scientists around the world are telling us that additional research is warranted and studies suggest that potential developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride should be a high research priority!
A neurotoxin according to the medical dictionary mentioned in my references, is a substance that is poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue.
Just ponder this, if you will... Your body is over 70% water. So whatever water you and your family ingest on a regular basis will become part of your innermost biological processes.
To your health and happiness,
Stephen
Ref:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/pdf/ehp.1104912.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/pdf/ehp.1104912.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389999/
http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474-4422(13)70278-3.pdf
neurotoxin. (n.d.) Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. (2003). Retrieved July 13 2015 from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neurotoxin
http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474-4422(13)70278-3.pdf
neurotoxin. (n.d.) Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. (2003). Retrieved July 13 2015 from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neurotoxin
